Which of the following is NOT a level in the use of force continuum?

The use of force continuum is a framework that outlines the range of force options available to law enforcement officers, allowing them to respond appropriately to various levels of resistance exhibited by suspects. This continuum typically starts with the least amount of force, such as mere presence, and escalates to lethal force when necessary.

In this context, "presence" refers to the mere appearance of law enforcement personnel, which can often deter criminal activity or non-compliance without any physical interaction. "Temporary incapacitation" involves techniques that allow officers to gain control of a situation without causing serious injury, such as physical restraints or specific control holds. "Chemical agents" include substances like pepper spray or tear gas used to subdue high-risk situations.

However, "radical measures" is not a recognized category within the established levels of the use of force continuum. It is vague and does not carry a specific definition or standardized application in law enforcement practices. Therefore, it does not align with the structured and defined levels within the continuum that are designed to provide a clear hierarchy of force options based on the context of resistance encountered.