Are observations from adjacent, non-target curtilage considered lawful?

Observations from adjacent, non-target curtilage are typically considered lawful due to the concept of "plain view" doctrine in legal terms. This principle allows law enforcement officers to observe items or activities that are clearly visible from a location that they are legally permitted to be in. The term curtilage refers to the area immediately surrounding a dwelling, which is treated as part of the home for Fourth Amendment purposes.

When officers are in a position that is not trespassing, such as on a public road, sidewalk, or another legitimate vantage point, they can lawfully observe items in the curtilage. It is important to note that these observations do not involve any invasive methods, such as searches or surveillance requiring a warrant. There are legal precedents confirming that as long as the observation is made without entering private property or using tools that enhance visibility beyond normal sight, it can be deemed lawful.

While it's critical to acknowledge that specific circumstances can influence the legality of observations, generally, if officers are able to view something without crossing legal boundaries and infringing upon a person's reasonable expectation of privacy, those observations are permissible.